Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Collège de France

Année 2025-2026

The Longue Durée: Economic History and the Rise of Prosperity in the Modern Age

Conférence - Joel Mokyr : Innovation and the British Industrial Revolution: a New Look

Joel Mokyr

Northwestern University

Résumé

This lecture, based on a forthcoming book entitled Why Britain? A New View of the Industrial Revolution will discuss the various factors that made Britain into the workshop of the world and the cradle of technological progress and economic growth. It will discuss institutions, geography, and empire, and then propose a novel explanation of the location and timing of the Industrial Revolution hitherto neglected by economic historians.

Chaire Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Collège de France

Année 2025-2026

07 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : US-Europe-Chine

Chaire Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Collège de France

Année 2025-2026

06 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : Stagnation séculaire

Chaire Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Collège de France

Année 2025-2026

05 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : L'adversité comme levier d'innovation

Chaire Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Collège de France

Année 2025-2026

04 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : Les vagues technologiques

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2025-2026

03 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : Trappe malthusienne et transition démographique

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2025-2026

02 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : Révolution agricole, urbanisation

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2025-2026

Japanese Economy : Demographic Challenges

Takeo Hoshi est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition du Pr Philippe Aghion.

Takeo Hoshi : Professeur d'économie et directeur du Tokyo College, université de Tokyo

Résumé

One of the most pressing issues facing the Japanese economy in recent decades is the set of profound demographic changes. Japan has been experiencing simultaneous shifts: an overall decline in population, a rapid acceleration of population aging, low fertility rates, and a marked decline in the scale of internal migration. Each of these factors interacts with the economy in complex ways. In this lecture, I argue that although demographic change is often cited as the main culprit behind Japan's long stagnation, its direct impact on economic growth has been smaller than that of the slowdown in productivity growth. The exception, however, lies in the decline of internal migration, which has had a more immediate effect on labor market fluidity and regional dynamism.

Japan's population peaked around 2008 at approximately 128 million people. Since then, the number has steadily declined, falling below 125 million by the early 2020s, and projections suggest that by the middle of this century it may shrink to near 100 million or even lower. Population decline naturally raises concerns about the shrinking of domestic markets, reduced tax revenues, and the sustainability of public services. However, from a macroeconomic perspective, population size alone does not necessarily reduce per capita income growth. Countries with smaller populations than Japan—such as Switzerland or the Scandinavian nations—have achieved high levels of prosperity. What matters more is the ability of an economy to generate productivity growth and adapt its institutions to demographic realities.

Closely tied to the overall decline is the remarkable speed of population aging. Japan is already the world's oldest society, with more than 28 percent of its population aged 65 and older. This share is projected to reach one-third within the next decade. Aging raises fiscal and social challenges: increased expenditures on pensions, health care, and long-term care, coupled with a shrinking working population that supports these systems. Economists debate whether aging itself is a drag on productivity growth. Some argue that an older workforce may be less innovative or less mobile; others note that older workers often bring experience and stability. What is more certain is that aging imposes heavy redistributional pressures. Given the current social security systems in advanced countries, it requires governments to tax, borrow, or cut spending elsewhere in order to finance the growing needs to support the elderly.

A key driver of both population decline and aging is Japan's low fertility rate. For more than four decades, Japan's total fertility rate has hovered well below the replacement level of a little bit above 2. In recent years, it has dropped to around 1.3 or even lower. Policymakers often frame low fertility as the cause of economic stagnation, but the causality may run in the opposite direction. Economic uncertainty, sluggish wage growth, long working hours, and high costs of childrearing have made family formation more difficult for younger generations. In particular, the severe constraints on women—who face strong pressures to choose between family and career—contribute to delayed marriage and fewer births. The underdevelopment of childcare infrastructure, persistent gender wage gaps, and rigid corporate practices all reinforce this trend. Thus, low fertility should be understood not just as a demographic phenomenon, but as a reflection of deep structural and social issues within Japanese society.

Among the demographic shifts, the decline in internal migration deserves special emphasis. Historically, Japan's postwar growth was supported by the large-scale movement of workers not only from rural areas to urban centers but also in the other direction. This internal migration allowed human capitals to flow toward their best uses, thereby sustaining economic growth dynamics. However, in recent decades, this movement has slowed markedly. Fewer people are relocating, and regional labor mobility has declined. The reduced reallocation of labor across regions and sectors has diminished Japan's overall economic dynamism. In this sense, the decline in internal migration has had a more direct impact on productivity growth than population decline or aging alone.

It is worth stressing that demographic change, while dramatic, does not fully explain Japan's prolonged stagnation. What was more important for Japan was the sharp decline in productivity growth beginning in the 1990s. In fact, if productivity growth were stronger, Japan could offset many of the burdens of aging and population decline. Conversely, even if fertility rates were to recover somewhat, without productivity growth the economy would still struggle to generate prosperity. Aging may have discouraged innovation and led to slower productivity growth, but a more important cause for the productivity growth decline was the lack of creative destruction.

Nonetheless, the demographic challenges cannot be dismissed. They exert continuous pressure on the social fabric, highlight the limitations of current gender and labor policies, and constrain fiscal choices. The low fertility rate, in particular, reflects the frustrations of a generation that finds it difficult to reconcile work and family life. Addressing demographic challenges therefore requires more than pronatalist policies; it demands comprehensive reforms in labor practices, childcare support, gender equality, and regional revitalization.

In sum, Japan's demographic changes are real and significant, but their economic meaning is often misunderstood. Population decline and aging are frequently portrayed as insurmountable obstacles to growth, when in fact the more fundamental challenge lies in productivity growth. The one demographic factor that does have a direct bearing on productivity—declining internal migration—deserves much more attention. Understanding this distinction allows us to focus policy debates where they matter most: on fostering innovation, mobility, and inclusivity, rather than simply lamenting demographic destiny.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2025-2026

01 - Innovation et croissance à travers l'histoire : Introduction

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2025-2026

Conférence - Takeo Hoshi : Rapid Growth and Long Stagnation

Takeo Hoshi est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition du Pr Philippe Aghion.

Takeo Hoshi : Professeur d'économie et directeur du Tokyo College, université de Tokyo

Résumé

Japan's postwar economic growth is often described as a miracle, and for good reason. Having suffered immense destruction during the Second World War—with roughly one quarter of its national wealth and production facilities lost—the country emerged from devastation and rebuilt rapidly. Early stabilization policies, such as the Dodge Plan, helped curb postwar hyperinflation, and the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 brought a surge of demand for Japanese goods. This laid the foundation for what became known as the rapid economic growth period.

Between 1950 and 1973, Japan's real GNP expanded at an average annual rate exceeding 9 percent. Growth accounting exercises show that capital accumulation was important: Japan invested heavily in physical capital, supported by high savings rates. Labor force increase also contributed, but the most significant factor was the acceleration of productivity growth. Total factor productivity accounted for more than half of Japan's overall growth in this era, highlighting the role of technological catch-up and improvements in efficiency.

The catch-up process followed the logic of diminishing marginal productivity: starting from a low capital base, the returns to investment were very high. Japan imported advanced technologies from abroad, adapted them, and combined them with its own strong base of human capital. Educational achievements of Japanese workers were already high even compared with economically advanced countries such as the U.S., so the workforce could absorb and utilize new methods quickly. In the language of growth theory, Japan had both the stock of human capital and the institutional framework for rapid technological adoption.

The first major break in this rapid expansion came with the oil shocks of the 1970s. The quadrupling of oil prices in 1973 caused inflation and forced Japanese industries to restructure. Although Japan adapted relatively well by shifting to more energy-efficient production, the overall growth rate slowed. From 1973 to 1987, Japan's average annual growth was closer to 4 percent—still impressive by international standards, but less than half of what it had been during the rapid economic growth period.

Several explanations for this slowdown have been proposed. An obvious one is the end of catch-up phase of economic growth: as Japan approached the technological frontier, it could no longer rely on simply importing and adapting foreign technologies. Productivity growth naturally decelerated as the scope for catch-up diminished.

Yet even in this period, Japan was far from stagnating. The economy continued to expand, industries remained competitive internationally, and living standards continued to improve. However, the seeds of later problems were beginning to take root—particularly in the financial sector and in the structural rigidity of industries that resisted creative destruction.

The expansion from 1986 to 1991, sometimes referred to as the "bubble economy," was one of the longest postwar upswings. Asset prices surged dramatically: the Nikkei 225 stock index tripled between 1985 and 1989, while urban land prices rose to unprecedented levels. This boom was fueled by a combination of loose monetary policy, speculative expectations, and financial liberalization that outpaced regulatory adaptation.

Many observers at the time believed that Japan had entered a new growth stage. But in retrospect, it is clear that asset values far exceeded fundamentals. It was indeed a "bubble economy." Speculative bubbles always end up collapsing. The Japanese bubble was not an exception. Japanese asset prices experienced severe declines in the early 1990s. The Nikkei 225 fell from nearly 39,000 at the end of 1989 to below 15,000 by the mid-1990s, and land prices also declined sharply. The collapse of the bubble had serious consequences on the real side of the economy: households cut back their consumption, corporations stopped borrowing money and investing in productive capitals, and banks found themselves burdened with non-performing loans.

What followed has been described as Japan's "lost decade"—and in fact, many now speak of "lost decades," as stagnation persisted well into the 2010s. Real GDP growth slowed to barely above 1 percent annually, far below the OECD average. Deflation set in, suggesting there was a serious demand shortage.

The core of the problem, however, was not simply weak demand. Japan experienced problems on the supply side. Productivity growth fell dramatically. Decompositions of total factor productivity (TFP) show that the reallocation effect—the contribution from shifting resources from low-productivity to high-productivity firms—declined significantly. Even more troubling, the exit effect turned negative: high-productivity firms exited the market while low-productivity firms remained.

The negative exit effect is closely related to the zombie problem. Banks, saddled with bad loans, kept extending credit to insolvent or unproductive firms in order to avoid recognizing losses on their balance sheets. These "zombie" firms absorbed resources but did not contribute meaningfully to productivity growth. More importantly their survival reduced profitability of otherwise healthy firms and discouraged entry by new productive firms. In other words, zombies slowed the process of creative destruction, which is essential for productivity growth in a mature economy. The result was a long stagnation in which capital and labor were trapped in inefficient uses.

Demographics also played a role in reducing the supply capacity. Japan's labor force was no longer expanding as rapidly, and the aging population began to constrain growth.

One debate during the 1990s was whether Japan's stagnation was primarily a demand-side problem (a persistent demand shortage) or a supply-side problem (lack of productivity growth). If only a prolonged demand shortage was the problem, it should have produced a deflationary spiral, but Japan instead experienced persistent but mild deflation. This suggests that both demand and supply constraints were at work. Expansionary monetary and fiscal policies occasionally provided stimulus, but without addressing the structural problems, their effects were limited.

In the 2010s, Abenomics attempted both demand stimulus and structural reforms. The first two "arrows"—monetary easing and fiscal expansion—succeeded in eliminating the demand shortage and ending deflation. But the third arrow, structural reform, was more difficult to implement. Measures such as corporate governance reform, labor market reform, and policies to increase female labor participation had some impact, but the deeper challenge of fostering productivity through creative destruction remained.

Japan's experience thus underscores a central lesson: demographics and demand matter, but productivity growth is decisive. Without mechanisms that promote restructuring and reallocation, mature economies stagnate. For Japan, the unwillingness to allow inefficient firms to exit severely depressed creative destruction. It was a key reason for the lost decades.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Chad Jones : A.I. and Economic Growth

Chad Jones

Stanford GSB

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Simon Bunel : How Different Uses of AI Shape Labor Demand: Evidence from France

Simon Bunel

Banque de France

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Flavio Calvino : AI, intangibles and productivity

Flavio Calvino

OECD

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Céline Antonin, Francesco Filippucci, Philine Widmer : Roundtable: The impact of AI for policy making

Panelists: Céline Antonin (OFCE), Francesco Filippucci (OECD) and Philine Widmer (PSE)

Moderator: Simon Bunel (Banque de France)

Céline Antonin

OFCE

Francesco Filippucci

OECD

Philine Widmer

PSE

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Ignazio Visco : Roundtable: The impact of AI for policy making – Opening remarks

Ignazio Visco

Governor Emeritus of Banca d'Italia

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Filipe Campante : AI Misinformation, Trust, and News Consumption

Filipe Campante

Johns Hopkins University

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Noam Yuchtman : Data, AI, and the State

Noam Yuchtman

Oxford

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Philippe Aghion : Should we fear A.I.?

Philippe Aghion

Professeur du Collège de France

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Roland Rathelot : How Can AI Improve Search and Matching? Evidence from 59 Million Personalized Job Recommendations

Roland Rathelot

CREST

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Eduard Talamas : The Turing Valley: How AI Capabilities Shape Labor Income

Eduard Talamas

IESE

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte

06 - Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte - Faut-il craindre l'innovation en Chine ?

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'avenir de la compétitivité européenne

Table ronde avec M. Emmanuel Macron, Président de la République, et le Pr Mario Draghi, ancien président du Conseil des ministres italien, ancien président de la Banque centrale européenne, animée par Philippe Aghion.

Quelques jours après le Conseil européen informel de Budapest des 7 et 8 novembre 2024, au cours duquel les chefs d'État et de gouvernement ont longuement échangé sur les conclusions du rapport remis par Mario Draghi à la présidente de la Commission européenne, le 9 septembre 2024, et adopté la Déclaration de Budapest sur le nouveau pacte pour la compétitivité européenne, cette table ronde, organisée par le Pr Philippe Aghion, titulaire de la chaire Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance du Collège de France, permet de revenir, à la suite des constats et recommandations du rapport de Mario Draghi, sur la situation économique dans laquelle se trouve aujourd'hui l'Europe, à la fois structurellement (déficit d'investissements et de compétitivité, abondance de normes, faible utilisation de l'épargne…) et conjoncturellement, sur fond de tensions géopolitiques et commerciales.

Titre en anglais : The Future of European Competitiveness

Programme

14 h 00 – 14 h 05 Introduction par Thomas Römer, administrateur du Collège de France

14 h 05 – 14 h 20 Présentation par Philippe Aghion (Collège de France, INSEAD, London School of Economics)

14 h 20 – 14 h 35 Présentation par Antonin Bergeaud (HEC Paris, Innovation Lab du Collège de France)

14 h 35 – 14 h 50 Présentation par Dietmar Harhoff (Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich)

14 h 50 – 15 h 05 Présentation par Natacha Valla (doyenne de l'École de management et d'innovation - Sciences Po Paris)

15 h 05 – 15 h 20 Présentation par Mathias Dewatripont (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

15 h 30 – 16 h 30 Table ronde avec M. Emmanuel Macron, Président de la République, et le Pr Mario Draghi, ancien président du Conseil des ministres italien, ancien président de la Banque centrale européenne, animée par Philippe Aghion

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'avenir de la compétitivité européenne : Introduction et présentations

Quelques jours après le Conseil européen informel de Budapest des 7 et 8 novembre 2024, au cours duquel les chefs d'État et de gouvernement ont longuement échangé sur les conclusions du rapport remis par Mario Draghi à la présidente de la Commission européenne, le 9 septembre 2024, et adopté la Déclaration de Budapest sur le nouveau pacte pour la compétitivité européenne, cette table ronde, organisée par le Pr Philippe Aghion, titulaire de la chaire Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance du Collège de France, permet de revenir, à la suite des constats et recommandations du rapport de Mario Draghi, sur la situation économique dans laquelle se trouve aujourd'hui l'Europe, à la fois structurellement (déficit d'investissements et de compétitivité, abondance de normes, faible utilisation de l'épargne…) et conjoncturellement, sur fond de tensions géopolitiques et commerciales.

Titre en anglais : The Future of European Competitiveness

Programme

14 h 00 – 14 h 05 Introduction par Thomas Römer, administrateur du Collège de France

14 h 05 – 14 h 20 Présentation par Philippe Aghion (Collège de France, INSEAD, London School of Economics)

14 h 20 – 14 h 35 Présentation par Antonin Bergeaud (HEC Paris, Innovation Lab du Collège de France)

14 h 35 – 14 h 50 Présentation par Dietmar Harhoff (Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich)

14 h 50 – 15 h 05 Présentation par Natacha Valla (doyenne de l'École de management et d'innovation - Sciences Po Paris)

15 h 05 – 15 h 20 Présentation par Mathias Dewatripont (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

15 h 30 – 16 h 30 Table ronde avec M. Emmanuel Macron, Président de la République, et le Pr Mario Draghi, ancien président du Conseil des ministres italien, ancien président de la Banque centrale européenne, animée par Philippe Aghion

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte

05 - Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte - L'impact économique de l'Intelligence Artificielle

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte

04 - Impulser une nouvelle croissance : Innovation verte et le débat sur la décroissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte

03 - Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte - Croissance et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte

02 - Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte - Expliquer le décrochage technologique de l'Europe par rapport aux États-Unis

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2024-2025

Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte

01 - Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte - Introduction : Repenser le capitalisme : le pouvoir de la destruction créatrice

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Conférence - Sonja Dobkowitz : Transitioning to Green Economies: Uncovering the agency of firms and households

Sonja Dobkowitz

Chercheuse au German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin)

Sonja Dobkowitz est invitée par l'Assemblée du Collège de France, sur proposition du Pr Philippe Aghion.

Résumé

The transition to environmentally friendly economies is one of the main challenges we are facing today. Massive reductions in emissions must be achieved to comply with the climate targets the global community has agreed upon. Clearly, national and global challenges aggravate rigorous environmental policy-making. At the same time, the agency of firms and households has gained attention, both in the political and academic debate. Through responsible production, consumption, and investment, so the logic, economic actors can contribute to reducing environmental pressures. What are the mechanisms unfolding from responsible economic practice? What economic obstacles may diminish its effectiveness? And what novel motives for policy intervention may emerge?

In this lecture, we shall focus on consumers. In the first part, we will study the interaction of a greening of consumer preferences with income inequality. We will see that a lack of financial means prevents households from cleaner consumption. Simultaneously, perceived inequality increases due to the shift in preferences. As a result, governments should redistribute more to low-income households to diminish inequality and to lower pollution.

In the second part, we abstract from inequality and ask: How do firms respond to greener demand? From an entirely market-based approach, we would expect firms to adapt by supplying the newly demanded goods. Here, we shall broaden the picture by adding political influence tools to the analysis. Investigating the automotive industry, we will learn that firms do not just react by investing in clean technologies. In addition, firms raise their lobbying expenditures on environmental topics. A decentralized pattern emerges: Household behavior feeds back into the policy-making process through the rent-seeking of firms, thereby opening up scope for policy intervention.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Panel Discussion: Big Data, NLP, ML – Where have they gotten us and where are we going?

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Adam Jaffe, Moderator

Manuel Trajtenberg

Antonin Bergeaud

Kevin Bryan

Reinhilde Veugelers

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Explorations of cumulative advantage using data on French physicist

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Carolyn Stein, "The Wandering Scholars: Understanding the Heterogeneity of University Commercialization"

(Co-authors: J. Lerner, H. Manley, H. Williams)

Discussant: Reinhilde Veugelers

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Explorations of cumulative advantage using data on French physicist

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Bronwyn Hall, "Explorations of cumulative advantage using data on French physicists"

(Co-author: J. Mairesse)

Discussant: Francesco Lissoni

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Keynote Speaker

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Introduction: Adam Jaffe

Speaker: Kathryn Shaw

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : The missing workers: Innovation and demographics after World War I

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Antonin Bergeaud, "The missing workers: Innovation and demographics after World War I"

(Co-author: J.B. Chaniot)

Discussant: Dan Gross

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Inventor Returns and Mobility

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Dietmar Harhoff, "Inventor Returns and Mobility"

(Co-authors: D. Heller, P. Momtaz)

Discussant: Mercedes Delgado

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : NPL vs. NLP: Analysing the links between science and technology using citations and semantics

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Dominique Guellec, "NPL vs. NLP: Analysing the links between science and technology using citations and semantics"

(Co-authors: M. Amdaoud, J. Liu, W. Mesheba, J. Quemener, D. Sapinho, J-M. Deltorn)

Discussant: Manuel Trajtenberg

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : How Technological Innovation Affects Retirement Decisions

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

John Bound, "How Technological Innovation Affects Retirement Decisions "

(Co-authors: J. Bound, C. Fang)

Discussant: Kathy Shaw

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : The Diffusion of New Technologies

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Josh Lerner, "The Diffusion of New Technologies"

(Co-authors: A. Kalyani, N. Bloom, M. Carvalho, T. Hassan, A. Tahoun)

Discussant: Gaetan de Rassenfosse

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Ariel Stern, "Who Drives Digital Innovation: Evidence from the U.S. Medical Device Industry" (Co-authors: A. Everhart, C. Foroughi) Discussant: Iain Cockburn

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Ariel Stern, "Who Drives Digital Innovation: Evidence from the U.S. Medical Device Industry"

(Co-authors: A. Everhart, C. Foroughi)

Discussant: Iain Cockburn

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : How fast is this novel technology going to be a hit? Antecedents predicting follow-on inventions

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Introduction: Lee Branstetter

Speaker: Robert Gordon

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : How fast is this novel technology going to be a hit? Antecedents predicting follow-on inventions

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Fabiana Visentin, "How fast is this novel technology going to be a hit? Antecedents predicting follow-on inventions"

(Co-authors: R. Veugelers, M. Pezzoni)

Discussant: Kevin Bryan

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : New Economic Forces Behind the Value Distribution of Innovation

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Xavier Jaravel, "Social Push and the Direction of Innovation"

(Co-authors: E. Einio, J. Feng)

Discussant: Ariel Stern

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : New Economic Forces Behind the Value Distribution of Innovation

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Shane Greenstein, "New Economic Forces Behind the Value Distribution of Innovation"

(Co-authors: T. Bresnahan, P-L. Yin)

Discussant: Lee Branstetter

Huiyu Li

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Panel Discussion: Productivity Slowdown: Once and Future?

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Moderator: Ben Jones

Robert Gordon

Ufuk Akcigit

Pete Klenow

Huiyu Li

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Romer or Ricardo?

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Pete Klenow, "Romer or Ricardo?"

(Co-author: C.T. Hsieh, K. Shimizu)

Discussant : Timo Boppart

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Growth Through Innovation Bursts

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Danial Lashkari, "Growth Through Innovation Bursts"

(Co-authors: G. Berlingieri, M. De Ridder, D. Lashkari, D. Rigo)

Discussant : Nicolas Crouzet

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Are Female Inventors Geographically Constrained? Gender Differences in Team Collocatio

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Mercedes Delgado, "Are Female Inventors Geographically Constrained? Gender Differences in Team Collocation"

(Co-author: L. Gius)

Discussant: Kyle Myers

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Screening Property Rights for Innovation

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Mark Schankerman, "Screening Property Rights for Innovation"

(Co-author: W. Matcham)

Discussant: Dietmar Harhoff

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : The Paper Trail of Knowledge, Revisited

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Kevin Bryan, "The Paper Trail of Knowledge, Revisited"

(Co-authors: Y. Ozcan, B. Sampat)

Discussant: Fabiana Visentin

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Keynote Speaker

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Introduction: Philippe Aghion

Speaker: James Heckman

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : The Cleaning Effects of Quality-Led growth

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Fabrizio Zilibotti, "The Cleaning Effects of Quality-Led growth"

(Co-authors: P. Aghion, T. Boppart, M. Peters, M. Schwartzman)

Discussant: Maarten de Ridder

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Ideas Rents and Firm Growth

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Timo Boppart, "Ideas Rents and Firm Growth"

(Co-authors: P. Klenow, R. Laski, H. Li)

Discussant: Ernest Liu

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Firm and Productivity Dynamics under the Iron Curtain

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Ufuk Akcigit, "Firm and Productivity Dynamics under the Iron Curtain"

(Co-authors: R. Brauer, A. Markewich, J. Miranda, A. Zherdeva)

Discussant: Pete Klenow

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Lost in Transition: Financial Barriers to Green Growth

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Maarten De Ridder, "Lost in Transition: Financial Barriers to Green Growth"

(Co-authors: P. Aghion, A. Bergeaud, M. De Ridder, J. Van Reenen)

Discussant: Ufuk Akcigit

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Transition to Green Technology along the Supply Chain

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Ernest Liu, "Transition to Green Technology along the Supply Chain"

(Co-authors: P. Aghion, L. Barrage, D. Hémous, E. Liu)

Discussant: Fabrizio Zilibotti

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Intangible capital, non-rivalry, and growth

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Nicolas Crouzet, "Intangible capital, non-rivalry, and growth"

(Co-authors: J. Eberly, D. Papanikolaou, A. Eisfeldt)

Discussant: Philippe Aghion

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Economics of Science 2 - Adaptability and the Pivot Penalty in Science and Technolog

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Benjamin Jones, "Adaptability and the Pivot Penalty in Science and Technology"

(Co-authors: R. Hill, Y. Yin, C. Stein, D. Wang)

Discussant: Adam Jaffe

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Economics of Science 2 - Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Economics of Science 2 - Who Stands on the Shoulders of Chinese (Scientific) Giants? Evidence from Chemistry

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Pierre Azoulay, "Who Stands on the Shoulders of Chinese (Scientific) Giants? Evidence from Chemistry"

(Co-authors: S. Qiu, C. Steinwender)

Discussant: Ina Ganguli

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Economics of Science 2 - Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Kyle Myers, "Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science"

(Co-authors: F. Bertolotti, W. Y. Tham)

Discussant: Bronwyn Hall

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Keynote Speaker

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Introduction: Philippe Aghion

Speaker: Joel Mokyr

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : AI at the Scientific Frontier: Mapping the Diffusion of Artificial Intelligence

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Karim Lakhani, "AI at the Scientific Frontier: Mapping the Diffusion of Artificial Intelligence"

(Co-authors: F. Dell'Acqua, Z. Rasouli, MA. Awada, K. Boudreau)

Discussant: Antonin Bergeaud

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Economics of Science 1 - The Systemic Effects of Mission-Oriented Research: World War II and the Mid-Century Expansion of Biomedicine

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Dan Gross, "The Systemic Effects of Mission-Oriented Research: World War II and the Mid-Century Expansion

of Biomedicine"

(Co-author: B. Sampat)

Discussant: Pierre Azoulay

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Economics of Science 1 - Price Shocks and Scientific Production: Evidence from University Procurement Contracts

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Ina Ganguli, "Price Shocks and Scientific Production: Evidence from University Procurement Contracts"

(Co-author: R. Murciano-Goroff)

Discussant: Karim Lakhani

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Welcome and Introductions

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2023-2024

Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Opening

Colloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.

Intervenant(s)

Thomas Römer

Professeur et administrateur du Collège de France

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Leveling the Political Playing Field: Can Democracy Deliver on its Promise of Equal Political Opportunity?

Conférence - Karl-Oskar Lindgren : Breaking the Cycle: Education's Role in Reducing Political Inequality

Intervenant(s)

Karl-Oskar Lindgren

Professeur de sciences politiques, université d'Uppsala

Résumé

In a famous statement, Alexis de Tocqueville once highlighted the love for equality as a defining characteristic of democratic nations. Yet, despite this observation, inequality of political opportunity remains widespread in most developed democracies. Individuals born into economically or politically marginalized families are considerably less likely to grow up to become politically active citizens than their more fortunate peers. Over the years, many suggestions have been made on how to break this chain of political inequality. This lecture will focus on one widely proposed solution: improved educational opportunities.

The view of education as the 'great equalizer' of political influence has a long history in liberal democratic thought. However, in recent decades, this belief in the redeeming effects of education has been questioned by scholars who argue that the strong correlation between education and political participation observed in most democracies is spurious rather than causal.

In this lecture, we will revisit this scholarly debate using individual-level data from three large-scale educational reforms that took place in Sweden during the 20th century. By doing so, we find that carefully designed educational reforms can provide an effective means to reduce the political opportunity gaps that are currently threatening democratic legitimacy in many countries.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Leveling the Political Playing Field: Can Democracy Deliver on its Promise of Equal Political Opportunity?

Conférence - Karl-Oskar Lindgren : Perpetuity of the Past: How Political Inequality is Transmitted Across Generations

Intervenant(s)

Karl-Oskar Lindgren

Professeur de sciences politiques, université d'Uppsala

Résumé

The notion that every citizen should have equal opportunities to influence political decisions is a fundamental principle in liberal democratic thought. However, decades of political science research have consistently shown that individuals with politically active parents are more inclined to become politically engaged themselves. In this lecture, we will explore various potential explanations for the robust intergenerational correlations in political participation observed in many modern democracies. These explanations encompass social, economic, and biological factors.

Utilizing detailed data from Swedish administrative registers, including up to four consecutive generations, we will examine how levels of political participation are transferred between generations. The analysis reveals that the intergenerational transmission of political participation can span multiple generations and has both social and genetic roots.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : The Welfare Cost of Ignoring the Beta

Intervenant(s)

David Stromberg, Stockholm University

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Does Chinese Research Hinge on US Coauthors?

Intervenant(s)

David Stromberg, Stockholm University

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Who Stands on the Shoulders of Chinese (Scientific) Giants? Evidence from Chemistry

Intervenant(s)

Pierre Azoulay, MIT et NBER

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Recipes and Economic Growth: a Combinatorial March Down an Exponential Trail

Intervenant(s)

Chad Jones, Stanford University

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : From Public to Private: Magnitude and Channels of R&D Spillovers

Intervenant(s)

Antonin Bergeaud, HEC Paris

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Bypassing the Box-Office? Performance, Risk and Career Inequalities among Women and Men Film Directors in France

Intervenant(s)

Pierre-Michel Menger, Professeur du Collège de France

Simon Bittmann, CNRS

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Great Powers and the Global Landscape of Entrepreneurship

Intervenant(s)

Josh Lerner, Harvard Business School

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Parental Education and Invention: The Finnish Enigma

Intervenant(s)

Otto Toivanen, Aalto University

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Colloque - Entrepreneurship, Risk, Talent and Innovation : Mobility Shocks and Organizational Creativity: The Benefits of Cultural Toolkits with Highly Affiliated Elements

Intervenant(s)

Frédéric Godart, INSEAD

Entrepreneurs are the chief source of innovation in modern economies, as illustrated by iconic figures like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, or Derrick Rossi, the co-founder of Moderna and several subsequent biotech companies. Success at this level hinges on idiosyncratic characteristics of the potential entrepreneur such as talent, inventiveness, and the propensity to take risks, on social origins, parental education, and family influence more generally, and on the environment: in particular the extent to which society favors risk-taking by forgiving early failure while rewarding talent and long-term success.

The semantics of talent have spread at an accelerated rate in the world of work and in human resources management since the end of the 1990s. Today, we no longer talk about personnel management or "human resources" so much as talent management. The concept has been diluted as it has spread across the entire professional skills space, but its core meaning has never been stable.

What exactly are we talking about when we speak of talent? The question is ceaselessly asked in all the scientific and professional publications devoted to talent management. It has been both a persistent enigma and a resource for plasticity in redefining the qualities required to recruit staff, to manage their careers and to find a balance in the competition for the best talent, since poaching by a competitor threatens each employer's investment in recruitment and career development. It is too often forgotten that the notion of talent, which was originally coined metaphorically in the "parable of the talents" in Matthew's gospel, can be read as a praise of risk-taking, which is rewarded, and a criticism of risk-aversion, which is discredited.

This conference will gather economists and sociologists working on talent, risk, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with the goal of improving our understanding of the underpinnings of innovative entrepreneurship and of how entrepreneurship can be favored by appropriate institutions and policies.

Isaiah Berlin once suggested a division of the world between hedgehogs and foxes, where foxes are individuals that engage in multiple projects simultaneously to pool risks, whereas hedgehogs put all their eggs into one basket and are ready to take maximum risk. One view of entrepreneurship is as hedgehogs who pursue a single innovation project, no matter how risky this project might be. This conference will analyze how social norms, the education system, competition, tax incentives and talent reward, and the financial system affect individuals' choice to be hedgehogs rather than foxes and selects the best talents into becoming innovative entrepreneurs.

Colloque coorganisé par les Prs Philippe Aghion et Pierre-Michel Menger avec le soutien de LVMH et de la Fondation du Collège de France.

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Innovation et le triangle entre marché, état, et société civile

Une énigme chinoise ?

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Innovation et le triangle entre marché, état, et société civile

Le rôle de la société civile

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Innovation et le triangle entre marché, état, et société civile

Le rôle de l'État

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Innovation et le triangle entre marché, état, et société civile

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Innovation et le triangle entre marché, état, et société civile

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2022-2023

Innovation et le triangle entre marché, état, et société civile

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2021-2022

Repenser le capitalisme

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2021-2022

Repenser le capitalisme

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2021-2022

Repenser le capitalisme

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2021-2022

Repenser le capitalisme

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2021-2022

Repenser le capitalisme

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2021-2022

Repenser le capitalisme

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2020-2021

Destruction créatrice et richesse des nations

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2020-2021

Destruction créatrice et richesse des nations

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2020-2021

Destruction créatrice et richesse des nations

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2020-2021

Destruction créatrice et richesse des nations

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2020-2021

Destruction créatrice et richesse des nations

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2020-2021

Destruction créatrice et richesse des nations

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2019-2020

Histoire de la croissance (suite)

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2019-2020

Histoire de la croissance (suite)

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2019-2020

Histoire de la croissance (suite)

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2019-2020

Histoire de la croissance (suite)

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2019-2020

Histoire de la croissance (suite)

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2019-2020

Histoire de la croissance (suite)

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2018-2019

Histoire de la croissance

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2017-2018

Croissance, reallocation, et dynamique des entreprises

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Septième et dernier cours : Économie de la science

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Sixième cours : Commerce et innovation

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Cinquième cours : Innovation et externalités

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Quatrième cours : Financement de l'innovation

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Troisième cours : Récompenses et incitations à innover

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Deuxième cours : Innovation, inégalités et mobilité sociale

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2016-2017

Politiques et institutions de l'innovation

Premier cours : Qui devient inventeur ?

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Théorie et politiques de la croissance

Politiques de croissance ; Vagues Schumpétériennes

Septième cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Théorie et politiques de la croissance

Population & Trappe Malthusienne ; Innovation & environnement

Sixième cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Théorie et politiques de la croissance

Cinquième cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Théorie et politiques de la croissance

Quatrième cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Théorie et politiques de la croissance

Troisième cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

L'importance des institutions

Deuxième cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Pourquoi a-t-on besoin d'une théorie de la croissance ?

Premier cours

Collège de France

Économie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissance

Année 2015-2016

Leçon inaugurale : Les énigmes de la croissance